A globe valve is an instrument used to stop and/or control the flow of fluids in a pipeline. It works by halting the flow of a fluid through a pipe. The name globe comes about due to the valve’s cylindrical shape. There are usually two halves of the body within the globe valve that are separated by an internal baffle.
Even though globe valves exhibit more pressure drops than gate valves, you can use them where the pressure drop via the valve is a non-controlling factor. Another name for globe valves is throttle valves when they are used for throttling purposes.
Benefits of Globe Valves
Good Throttling Capability
Globe valves can control the flow rate by partially opening or closing the valve disc. This design makes globe valves suitable for applications that require precise flow control.
Versatility
Globe valves are versatile and can be used in a variety of applications, including steam, oil, gas, and water. These valves are also suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
Good Shut-off Performance
Globe valves provide tight shut-off performance, preventing fluid leakage and minimizing the risk of equipment damage.
Easy Maintenance
Globe valves are designed with few internal parts, making them easy to maintain and repair. The valve body can often remain in place while the valve trim is removed, allowing for quick and easy maintenance.
Durability
Globe valves are built to withstand harsh environments and can last for many years with proper care and maintenance.
Low Pressure Drop
Globe valves offer low pressure drop, which reduces the energy required to pump fluids through a piping system. This makes them an ideal choice for systems that require efficient fluid transfer.
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What Are the Different Types of Globe Valves
There are three types of globe valves based on their body design. These are listed below:
01
Z-Type Globe Valves:
This is the simplest and most common type, featuring a Z-shaped partition inside the body which can result in high-pressure loss. It is suitable for applications in which pressure drop is not a concern and throttling is required.
02
Y-Type Globe Valves:
The Y-type design addresses the high-pressure-drop issue by angling the seat and stem at around 45°to the pipe axis. These valves are used in high-pressure and critical services.
03
Angle-Type Globe Valves:
These valves change the flow direction by 90 degrees without the need for additional piping. They are suitable for fluctuating flow conditions and can handle slugging effects.
How is a globe valve made
Globe valves are mostly cast due to the complex shape of the flow passages. However, they can also be made from wrought materials for specific applications.
The disc and seat rings that globe valves are cast with are mostly made with bronze. On the other hand, steel-globe valves with temperatures exceeding 350°C have their trim made of stainless steel. This is crucial in providing resistance to seizing and galling. It is vital to heat-treat the valve’s mating faces to derive differential hardness values. Manufacturing globe valves also involves using other trim materials like cobalt-based alloys.
It is also vital to grind the seating surface to achieve full-bearing surface contact during valve closure. An extended disk locknut maintains alignment for lower pressure classes, with disc guides cast into the valve body for higher pressures. Usually, the disc face and seat ring galling are prevented by the disc turning freely on the stem.
What are the main parts of a globe valve
The main parts of a globe valve are the actuator, stem, body, disc, seat, bonnet and some form of sealing arrangement (packing).
The disc seats at a right angle on the seat surfaces and this generally yields a better sealing arrangement compared to gate valves. As the disc is lowered and raised, it is guided by guide vanes, a piston, or the stem.
Packing is installed between the stem and bonnet to ensure the valve does not leak.
Some globe valves connect the stem directly to the disc, but some designs do not. A screw-down non-return (SDNR) valve is one such design where the stem does not connect to the disc. SDNR valves are used for safety critical systems such as ship bilge water systems and boiler feed water systems.
Flanges are installed on the suction and discharge side of the valve so that piping can be easily connected.
How globe valves compare with other valve types
Other multi-turn/linear motion valves and quarter turn/rotary valves are common valve classifications that are comparable to a globe valve. Their purpose and function determine how they are used in different applications.
Multi-turn/linear motion valves
Globe valves belong to the multi-turn/linear motion classification of valves because they use a multi-turn, threaded stem to move the valve disc in a linear direction. A gate valve also uses a multi-turn handwheel to move the valve plug in a linear direction, but a gate valve has a straight-through flow. The valve stem on a gate valve lowers a plug or obstruction that blocks the path of flow or allows flow without requiring the medium to change direction. Consequently, gate valves have a much lower head loss (L/D=~8) when fully open, but they shouldn’t be used to regulate flow due to a drastic increase in head loss and increased wear on the gate valve’s gate and seat.
Quarter turn/rotary valves
In contrast to globe valves and gate valves, quarter turn/rotary valves open and close using lateral movement rather than linear motion. In place of a handwheel, a rotary valve uses a wrench handle, moving only a quarter-turn (90 degrees) to open or close the valve. The cut-off valve on a gas line is a common example of this type of valve, designed for a quick on/off function.
Two common types of quarter turn/rotary valves are ball valves and butterfly valves, which differ in what is used to obstruct flow. Ball valves use a sphere, or ball, with a hole bored through it, allowing flow when the hole is parallel to the direction of flow and blocking it when in a perpendicular position. A butterfly valve uses a thin plate to block flow when its surface is perpendicular to the direction of flow or allow flow when parallel. Quarter turn/rotary valves have very low head loss (L/D=~3) but provide almost no throttling capability.
Globe valves can be used in a wide range of services; both low-pressure and high-pressure fluid services. The typical applications of globe valves are:
Cooling water systems requiring flow regulation.
Fuel oil system requiring leak-tightness.
Control valve bypass systems.
High-point vents and low-point drains.
Oil and Gas, Feedwater, chemical feed, Refinery, condenser air extraction, and extraction drain systems.
Boiler vents and drains, Steam services, main steam vents and drains, and heater drains.
Turbine seals and drains.
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FAQ
Q: What is a straight-through Globe Valve used for?
Q: Can a globe valve be repaired if it fails?
Q: How does a Globe Valve work?
Q: How is the flow rate of a Globe Valve controlled?
Q: What are the materials used to make Globe Valves?
Q: What are the different types of Globe Valves?
Q: What is the difference between a Y-type Globe Valve and an Angle Globe Valve?
Q: What is a Globe Valve?
Q: What is a Check Valve and how is it related to a Globe Valve?
Q: Are Globe Valves suitable for high-temperature applications?
Q: What is the maximum pressure range for a Globe Valve?
Q: How often should I maintain my Globe Valve?
Q: How do I determine the size of Globe Valve I need?
Q: Can Globe Valves be used for corrosive fluids?
Q: What are the advantages of Globe Valves?
Q: What are some common globe valve applications?
Q: Can Globe Valves be automated?
Q: What is the difference between a manual Globe Valve and an automated one?
Q: Can Globe Valves be used for gases as well as liquids?
Q: How do I know if a Globe Valve is leaking?
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