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Butterfly valves are quarter-turn valves used to control the flow of liquids or gases through a pipe. They have a disc that pivots on a central axis, with the disc being either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of flow. When the disc is turned parallel to the flow, it allows fluid to flow, and when turned perpendicular, it restricts the flow. Butterfly valves are commonly used in HVAC, irrigation, and water treatment applications. They are available in a variety of materials, including stainless steel, PVC, and cast iron.
Benefits of Butterfly Valves
Lightweight and Compact
With a compact design and a smaller face to face dimension, butterfly valves have a considerably less installation footprint and offer savings in the form of lower installation costs including labour cost, equipment, and piping support.
Low Maintenance Requirements
An inherently simple, economic design that consists of few moving parts, and hence fewer wear points, significantly reduces their maintenance requirements.
Fast Acting
A 90°rotation of the handle, or the actuation mechanism, provides a complete closure or opening of the valve. However, with larger butterfly valves, a gearbox is often required as part of the actuation mechanism which reduces the operational torque and simplifies the operation of the valve but comes at the expense of speed.
Low Cost
Owing to their simple design, butterfly valves require less material and are simpler to design and manufacture and are often the more economical choice compared to other valve types. The cost savings are mainly realized in larger valve sizes, typically above DN 300.
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Butterfly valves are used in diverse industries and applications such as pharmaceutical, chemical and oil, food, water supply, wastewater treatment, fire protection, gas supply, fuel handling, and sanitary fittings. Butterfly valves for water are used as control valves in pipelines to shut off water flow. These valves are available in huge sizes and are suitable for handling slurries and liquids with relatively large amounts of solids at low pressures. Stainless steel butterfly valves are used in corrosive and marine environmental applications as the material is highly durable and resistant to corrosion.
Some common materials for butterfly valves include
Cast iron:
This material is strong, durable, and cost-effective. It's often used in industrial applications that involve water or air.
Stainless steel:
This material is resistant to corrosion and oxidation, making it ideal for handling corrosive materials. It's also popular in the food and beverage industry.
PVC:
This plastic material is lightweight and affordable, making it a popular choice for low-pressure applications such as swimming pool systems and aquariums.
Polypropylene:
This plastic material is resistant to chemicals and high temperatures, making it suitable for use in chemical processing plants.
Bronze:
This material is often used in marine applications where the valve may be exposed to saltwater.
Carbon steel:
This material is strong, durable, and heat-resistant, making it suitable for high-pressure applications in the oil and gas industry.
Main Butterfly Valve Types
While these valves all do essentially the same function, there are variations of butterfly valve design to suit different operations. Below are the three main butterfly valve types.
01
Zero-offset Butterfly Valve
‘Concentric’ or ‘rubber seated’ are other names for the zero-offset design. Zero-offset means there is no offset by the stem of the valve. The valve seals via interference along the disc edge at the stem between the disc and the rubber seat.
The rubber seated valve has the lowest pressure rating (up to 250 PSI) and withstands heat up to 400°F. Its rubber seat encases the body to prevent contact with the material which maintains the purity of the media.
02
High-Performance Double Offset Butterfly Valve
This butterfly valve is referred to as a double offset because the offset is in two places: at the line of the disc seat /body seal, and at the bore. Off-center positioning increases durability for the seal. High-performance valves tolerate pressure up to 1440 PSI and temps up to 1200°F.
A cam-action occurs from the stem being behind the disc as it rubs against the during rotation at 90°for the first 10 degrees of opening, but also for the 10 degrees of closing.
03
Triple Offset Butterfly Valve
The best type of butterfly valve for high-pressure systems is the triple offset butterfly valve. Of the three types, the triple offset is the most advanced with lower emissions and is designed to work with various environments. Its heat tolerance is 1200°F as it can withstand 1,480 PSI of pressure.
Like the double offset valve, the triple offset valve consists of two offsets situated in the center, but with a third offset having cam action with right-angled conical sealing. It is frictionless and long-wearing by the metal seal components not making contact until their final point.
Butterfly Valves Installation And Maintenance
Installation
Below are some practices that should be considered before installing butterfly valves.
Space should be made for the disc to open when installed directly into a pump. This can be done with a pipe spacer.
To install the valve, the flange must be at room temperature.
While valves can be installed in any form, flat or upright, it is advisable to install them in an upright form. Larger valves require an upright placement to decrease actuator or gearbox weight.
For smaller valves like the hand lever-operated butterfly valves, any installation orientation can work.
Welding jobs should be completed before the installation of the butterfly valve.
Sludges and waste residues in the pipeline must be washed away before the valves are installed.
The flange and valve should be properly aligned so the disc can open and close without blockages.
The materials of the butterfly valve components should be checked to ensure no damage was done during transportation or storage.
The pressure rating of the valve should conform to the requirements.
The parts of the pipe flanges to contact the valves should be clean and free of residue.
The butterfly valve should be tested before bolting the flanges to prevent the disc from catching on the pipe.
Maintenance
Below are some essential practices to ensure the butterfly valve works effectively and lasts longer.
The pressure in the pipes should be released before maintenance of the butterfly valves commence.
The valve should be lubricated regularly if operations are done in a dry atmosphere.
The valve should be cycled regularly when not in use.
The process of removing the valve should occur in reverse of the installation.
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